Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing v
Lab Setup
There are lab setup requirements; the student computer should not have server
cluster installed. Server cluster was uninstalled in the lab associated with
Course 2087A, Module 7, Lab A: Cluster Maintenance, Exercise 2: Removing
the Cluster Service.
The following list describes the setup requirements for Lab A: Installing and
Configuring the Network Load Balancing Driver.
Required minimum of one network adapter on the student computer.
Static Internet Protocol addresses are allocated to the adapter.
Default.asp pages must be added to the default site of each individual
student’s Web server.
Instructors Notes
Exercise 1
Network adapters will have been renamed if students completed Course
2087A, Module 3, Lab A: Configuring Advanced Server for Cluster
Installation, Exercise 2: Set Up Public and Private Networks for Cluster
Installation. You can continue to use these names (Cluster Private, Cluster
Public) or rename them to Local Area Connection providing that you
advise the students which names to use.
Ensure that the students select a network adapter that provides connectivity
with all of the student’s computers in the classroom. If you have multiple
network adapters in the student computer, the students can be confused as to
which one to select.
Exercise 2
In this exercise students will examine the current configuration of their
network adapters. The IP addresses resolved during this exercise will have
been allocated during previous exercises. If your configuration constrains
the IP addresses in your classroom, you need to advise the students of the IP
addresses that they must use.
Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing 1
Overview
Pre-Installation
Network Load Balancing Driver Installation
Configuring the Network Load Balancing Driver
Cluster Parameters
Host Parameters
Port Rules
TCP/IP Properties
Post-Installation Configuration
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In this module, you will install and configure the Network Load Balancing
driver. You will learn how to configure the driver by selecting the appropriate
settings for the Network Load Balancing and TCP/IP Properties dialog
boxes.
Before you install the Network Load Balancing driver, you will complete a pre-
installation checklist that will determine if your network capacity and
configuration can meet your needs, you have configured the hosts correctly, and
the addressing architecture is appropriate for the cluster.
This module will also address issues with post-installation configuration,
including how to avoid flooding switch ports and how to adjust convergence
parameters.
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Describe the pre-installation decisions for a clustering solution.
Install the Network Load Balancing driver.
Configure the Network Load Balancing driver.
Select the appropriate settings on the Cluster Parameters tab.
Select the appropriate settings on the Host Parameters tab.
Select the appropriate port rules for the cluster.
Determine the proper setting for the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) stack.
Determine the post-installation configuration for the cluster.
Topic Objective
To provide an overview of
the module topics and
objectives.
Lead-in
In this module, you will learn
about installing and
configuring the Network
Load Balancing driver.
2 Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing
Pre-Installation
Verify that aggregate subnet throughput supports IP traffic
Verify that the throughput of each host is documented
Verify that cluster members support client throughput
Verify that all IP addresses are manually allocated
Verify that TCP/IP is bound to the network card
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In designing a Network Load Balancing solution, you will collect all of the
relevant information that is required to configure your cluster, but initially there
are some common considerations that you must address for all of the cluster
solutions.
Prior to installing the first cluster host, complete the following tasks:
Ensure that only TCP/IP is bound to the network card that you will use as
the cluster adapter. The Network Load Balancing driver intercepts and
supports all IP packets that the hardware driver of the cluster adapter
forwards. The Network Load Balancing driver only supports IP packets. If
other protocols, such as Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), must be
supported, verify that you have installed multiple network interface cards
(NIC) in the computer.
Ensure that the aggregate throughput of the subnet will support both cluster
IP and dedicated IP traffic for the required number of hosts. If the subnet
utilization is a concern, you can install multiple network cards or use round
robin DNS entries to allow for a reduction in the number of hosts per
cluster.
Ensure that you have documented the throughput of each host. If you have
configured all of the cluster members identically, the throughput will be
similar.
For example, if all of your hosts have the same number of CPUs, clock
speed, and network cards, their throughput rate will be very similar. If your
computers have different clock speeds or number of CPUs, then the
throughput rate of each will vary. If you use computers with different
throughput rates, you can use the manual load balance feature of Network
Load Balancing to distribute clients across cluster members.
Topic Objective
Describe the pre-installation
decisions for a clustering
solution.
Lead-in
In designing a Network Load
Balancing solution, you will
collect all of the relevant
information that is required
to configure your cluster, but
initially there are some
common considerations that
you must address for all of
the cluster solutions.
Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing 3
If you are going to use Network Load Balancing in a failover mode of
operation, ensure that all of the members of the cluster can support the
required client throughput. You may deliberately design your system to
have performance degrade during failover; for example, if your default host
is a quad CPU computer, you can assign a dual CPU computer with lesser
throughput as the next priority (failover) computer, accepting that the
performance will degrade until the original default computer is repaired and
brought back online.
Ensure that all of the IP addresses that you will use for the Network Load
Balancing cluster are manually allocated. The Network Load Balancing
driver is not a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client and
cannot use DHCP-allocated addresses. If the address range that you use is
within a corporate DHCP group, ensure that the Cluster IP addresses are
excluded from any defined ranges.
4 Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing
Hardware Considerations
No special hardware requirements
Ethernet or FDDI
All hosts on one broadcast subnet
All host on one Level 2 switch or VLAN
All hosts on a single hub or repeater
Two NICs per host preferred:
One NIC for cluster traffic and heartbeats
One NIC for replications/backend access
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The Network Load Balancing driver runs within the cluster hosts as part of the
Microsoft
® Windows® 2000 Advanced Server operating system; it does not
require dedicated hardware support. The current version of the Network Load
Balancing driver operates on Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) or
Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN) within the cluster. All cluster
members should be on the same broadcast subnet, in the same virtual LAN, or
on a single hub.
While the Network Load Balancing driver will work successfully by using one
NIC, two NICs are preferred. Using two NICs will enable the cluster IP and
heartbeat traffic to operate on one NIC and IP traffic for an individual host to
operate on the second NIC; for example, when you use two NICs, traffic
associated with replication services and backend access to a database is
separated from the cluster inbound traffic.
If your Network Load Balancing solution will include multiple NICs, it is
recommended that the cluster IP and dedicated IP be on different subnets to
maximize the throughput available to cluster IP traffic. Using different subnets
increases security by providing isolation between public and private traffic. If
all of the NICs are connected to the same subnet, it can create throughput and
security limitations in the network.
The network adapters that you use must support dynamic allocation of the
media access control (MAC) address and multicast MAC address requirements.
Both multicast and unicast modes of operation will result in the Network Load
Balancing driver programming new MAC addresses into the card.
Topic Objective
To identify the hardware
considerations for Network
Load Balancing.
Lead-in
The Network Load
Balancing driver runs within
the cluster hosts as part of
the Windows 2000
Advanced Server operating
system; it does not require
dedicated hardware support.
Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing 5
Controlling Switch Flooding
Hosts on individual ports results
in switch flooding
Hosts on a hub limits
switch flooding
Cluster host
Cluster host
Non-Cluster host
Non-Cluster host
Layer 2 switch
Layer 2 switch
Layer 1 hub
Layer 1 hub
Hub
Hub
Cluster host
Cluster host
Non-Cluster host
Non-Cluster host
Layer 2 switch
Layer 2 switch
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In many networks where collapsed backbone switching technology is used,
there are very large port counts available. Typically in these environments
individual computers are allocated a single switch port to provide maximum
possible bandwidth to the computer.
If the cluster hosts are directly connected to a switching hub or combined
switch/router to receive client requests, you must send incoming client traffic to
all of the switch ports that are supporting cluster hosts. After a switching hub
has identified which port a particular host (recognized by its MAC address) is
connected to, it will no longer duplicate inbound traffic to all of the ports.
Network Load Balancing service prevents a switching hub from identifying the
host’s port by masking the source MAC address by using a different MAC
address in reply. Masking the source MAC address results in the switch
continuing to send inbound data to all of the ports, which is called switch
flooding. If the switch has ports associated with computers other than cluster
hosts, these ports will also have the inbound traffic reflected on them,
consuming bandwidth on ports where the traffic will be discarded.
Topic Objective
To describe how to control
switch flooding.
Lead-in
In many networks where
collapsed backbone
switching technology is
used, there are very large
port counts available and
individual computers are
allocated a single switch
port.
Delivery Tip
Be prepared to explain the
functionality of a layer-2
switch, you may have
students in the class who
are not familiar with the
technology.
6 Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing
Considerations for Switch Flooding
Switch flooding can become a problem when:
Applications have significant inbound network traffic directed to the cluster
IP; for example where large file uploads use File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
the cluster IP will accept a large amount of inbound network traffic.
Multiple clusters share a switch and their combined inbound traffic becomes
significant compared to the switch port capacity.
A switch is configured to use ports to connect to a backbone network that
has a higher speed than those that are used to connect to cluster hosts. Under
this circumstance, switch occupancy can become high, reducing available
bandwidth on all of the ports.
For example, consider a multiple cluster solution, where a switch uses a
gigabit port to connect to a backbone and 100 megabits per second (Mbps)
ports for the individual cluster hosts, with a total inbound traffic average of
20 Mbps. Because all of the traffic will be reflected to all of the ports, the
switch occupancy will average 20 percent for all of the cluster hosts. One
solution to this scenario is to use multicast mode and set up a virtual LAN in
the switch to limit switch flooding.
Switch Flooding Solutions
You can avoid switch flooding problems by using two network adapters per
host on the cluster subnet to direct network traffic through the cluster hosts by
separating inbound and outbound data. Using two network adapters allows
incoming client traffic to flow through the switching hub for simultaneous
delivery to all of the hosts, while outgoing traffic flows directly to the switch
ports.
If you assign a gateway and interface metric for the dedicated adapter that is
less than the value assigned to the cluster adapter, the dedicated adapter will be
used for outbound traffic.
You can limit all of the traffic for a cluster to one switch port, thereby
conserving switch bandwidth. Connect the individual cluster members to a hub,
with the hub connected to a single switch port. This solution is viable providing
that a single port will support the maximum required throughput for the cluster.
Where all of the cluster members are connected to a single switch
port the switch can be allowed to learn the MAC address by setting the registry
setting for HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\
CurrentControlSet\Services\WLBS\ Parameters\MaskSourceMAC = 0 on
all Network Load Balancing hosts. Changing the registry setting allows the
switch to direct inbound traffic to only one switch port, eliminating switch
flooding.
Im
p
ortan
t
Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing 7
Network Load Balancing Driver Installation
Select Driver
Configure –
Cluster Parameters
Host Parameters
Port Rules
Exit Dialog Box
NLB Cluster Host 1 Properties
General
Connect using:
C
onfigure
Description
Sharing
Intel® PRO/100+ Management Adapter
Co
mponents checked are used by this connection:
Client for Microsoft Networks
Network Load Balancing
Network Monitor Driver
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
I
nstall… Uninstall Properties
This component provides TCP/IP load balancing functionality.
Show
icon in taskbar when connected
Cancel
Cancel
Close
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The Windows Network Load Balancing driver is associated with a single
network adapter in your computer. Configuring the properties of the network
adapter that will perform Network Load Balancing completes installation of the
driver. To avoid networking problems, follow these steps in the exact order
shown.
To install Network Load Balancing:
1. Open Network and Dial-up Connections.
2. Right-click the Local Area Connection on which you will install Network
Load Balancing, and then click Properties. The Local Area Connection
Properties dialog box appears.
3. Under Components checked are used by this connection, you see
Network Load Balancing. Note that it is listed but not selected. (If
Network Load Balancing is not listed, search for Installing Network Load
Balancing If It was Previously Uninstalled in the Help for Windows 2000
Advanced Server.)
4. Select the Network Load Balancing check box, which will enable the
driver.
5. Click Properties to continue configuring the driver or click Close to exit
the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box.
If this is the first time that the driver has been enabled, it requires
further configuration; if the driver was previously configured, then this
configuration is in the registry and will be enabled.
Topic Objective
To install the Network Load
Balancing driver.
Lead-in
The Windows Network Load
Balancing driver is
associated with a single
network adapter in your
computer.
Delivery Tip
To make the presentation
more dynamic, use the UI to
demonstrate the installation
procedure.
Im
p
ortan
t
8 Module 9: Installing and Configuring Network Load Balancing
Configuring the Network Load Balancing Driver
Port Rules control
response to traffic
Host Parameters
apply to default
traffic
Cluster Parameters
apply to the cluster
Network Load Balancing Properties
Cluster Parameters
Primary I
P address 1 . 1 . 1 . 100
Subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255. 0
F
ull Internet name cluster.domain.com
N
etwork address 02-bf-01-01-01-64
M
ulticast support enabled
Remote password
C
onfirm password
Remote control enabled
Please consult on-line help for
configuration information
Host Parameters
OK
Port Rules
Help
Cancel
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When you enable the Network Load Balancing driver, you configure it to
provide the type of service that is appropriate for your Network Load Balancing
cluster plan. There are three tabs associated with the configuration, Cluster
Parameters, Host Parameters, and Port Rules. Incorrect configuration can
result in incorrect operation or prevent the host that is being configured from
joining a cluster.
You should plan what type of configuration you want to implement for the host
before enabling and configuring the Network Load Balancing driver, because
the type of service required, ports supported, IP addresses, and network
configuration all influence the configuration parameters.
The Network Load Balancing driver checks configuration parameters entered in
the Network Load Balancing Properties dialog box for validity. Cluster
operations will not start if a problem is detected. All detected errors are reported
in the Windows event log and are classified into the following categories.
Event category Description
Information events Record state transitions, such as driver startup, the completion
of convergence, and the completion of cluster control actions.
Warning events Record occurrences that do not prevent cluster operations. For
example, a configuration problem, such as an invalid
dedicated IP address or other parameter.
Error events Record errors that can prevent cluster operations, such as
configuration parameter problems, inconsistencies, or
unexpected execution errors.
Topic Objective
To provide an overview of
the Network Load Balancing
configuration process.
Lead-in
When you enable the
Network Load Balancing
driver, you can configure it
to provide the type of
service that is appropriate
for your Network Load
Balancing cluster plan.
Delivery Tip
Review each of the
components of the Network
Load Balancing Properties
dialog box.
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